The period of Mongol rule over China is, in the field of literature, also marked by a considerable output of drama and of popular novels, written in the vernacular. Mongols assimilated into Persia more than Chinese counterparts. A number became proficient Chinese scholars, however, and their poems and calligraphy were on par with native Chinese. The later emperors, after some initial efforts under Kublai, encouraged translations from Chinese into Mongol, and the earliest specimens of printing in Mongol were produced in China. œ­]Ÿæ›Ÿ%옿0½¸HýºH«É9ÊH‘&Y&Üz?‰Öːv{x¯Ñ7MpvÁ?BTÝ?ɌM…œXýí b Positive and negative effects: China. The Mongols were expelled from China in or soon after 1368. The general impact of Mongol domination over China is difficult to assess. During the 13th century, a period of Mongolian peace (Pax Mongolica) led to “economic growth, cultural diffusion, and developments.” During this period, he opened China to cultural diversity and promoted various religions. One major scholar of Chinese history even wrote: "The Mongols brought violence and destruction to all aspects of China's civilization. Under Mongol rule, Russia was made up of small city-states with no unified government. For the next two centuries they lived in Mongolia just as they had before their conquests: a warlike nomad people with only a few traces of their long sojourn among the Chinese. Another such group comprised the priests of non-Chinese religions (Islam, Christianity, Judaism) who enjoyed the exemption from taxes which was customary in China for the Buddhist and, to a lesser extent, the Daoist clergy. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. All things considered, it may safely be said that Chinese civilization as a whole was influenced surprisingly little by Mongol rule. established a single political entity; would largely endure to modern times. The Mongols impacted them both politically and economically. The negative effects of the Mongol conquest would be the destruction they caused. The suspension of literary examinations, the exclusion of Chinese from higher offices, and the resulting frustration of the former ruling class of scholar-officials led to a sort of intellectual eremitism. The Mongols looted, raped and pillaged anyplace that would not surrender to Mongol authority. <> The Mongols also acquired new technical knowledge, such as Chinese engineers, and taxes a… For several centuries after 1368 the Mongols were confined to their original homeland in the steppes, but the memory of their past grandeur and of their domination over China led to intermittent attempts to regain their lost position. 9 0 obj Political & Economic Effects of Mongol Rule The Mongols ruled one of the biggest land empires the world has ever seen. How did the Mongols have a negative impact on the world? He even besieged Beijing, but the stubborn resistance of the Chinese garrison, together with dissension in the Mongol camp and skilful Chinese diplomacy, brought about a turning of the tide. Persians view was that they civilized barbarians In conclusion, because of the mass destruction and death that they brought, the Mongols were a scourge on the Persians. The Mongolians downfall was due to its large size and it had no unity of culture. Silk Road trade flourished and trade between east and west increased under Mongol rule. The Mongolian rule had a very direct impact on the states of Russia and China. Conquests played a key role in transmitting the black death. That task is left for you." Kublai permitted the existence of various religions. killing of chinese soldiers in Mongol wars. Impact on the World "With heaven's aid I have conquered for you a huge empire. ",#(7),01444'9=82. endobj The Mongols also acquired new technical knowledge, such as Chinese engineers, and taxes as they expanded their empire. endobj The Mongol language never wholly replaced Chinese as the medium for historiography or for official documents, and most of the inscriptions surviving from the Mongol period are bilingual. Death and destruction, some cities completely wiped out (Kiev, cities in Syria) Mongol soldiers looted, pillaged and raped women. One could further argue, and indeed people have, that ultimately the Mongol impact extended to the entire world, including parts unknown in the thirteenth century. The Mongol invasions did cause a prolonged peaceful period called the Pax Mongolica. In China, Kublai Khan continued to appoint officials by merit, similar to his grandfather Genghis’s methods but on his own terms. The general impact of Mongol domination over China is difficult to assess. Notwithstanding the aspects of their rule that were certainly negative for China, the Mongols did initiate many policies — especially under the rule of Khubilai Khan — that supported and helped the Chinese economy, as well as social and political life in China.. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In China and Russia, the Mongol era brought a great change in political power. The only people allowed to live were engineers and artisans who were then turned into slaves. Traditional forms of Chinese literature and art continued to be practised by a class which was barred from participation in political affairs. Send Private Message. Those who held the highest positions had to be of Mongol descent probably to avoid treason. Members Profile. The Mongol rule politically was far more significant in China than in Russia, because Russians were given more leniency than the Chinese and China experienced greater political intervention, but economically both regions had similar effects as a result of their ruling. While in the period prior to the Mongols, many of the great states contended with rivalries and their own regional conquests, this also limited some contacts between them. causations and effects of the Mongols regarding their rule on China during 1200-1500, one can see these include the implementation of governing philosophies of elected officials that shaped Chinese culture, the influence of tax-farming systems on China’s economy, and the influence of trade on social hierarchies. Effects of Mongol rule. Although the Daoist clergy had originally been granted the same privileges as the Buddhists, the Daoist religion had already under Kublai begun to suffer from official persecution, chiefly perhaps because the Buddhist clergy regarded Daoism as a dangerous rival and because Daoist sects and monasteries were, not without justification, looked on as centres of secret activities and unbridled nationalism. How did the Mongols effect the […] Political And Economic Effects Of Mongol Rule On China And Russia. The early Ming emperors tried repeatedly, but without lasting success, to occupy the plains of Mongolia. Effects Of Mongol Rule On China 958 Words | 4 Pages. The Khans, or “Great Leaders” ruled both places and destroyed cities and killed government officials. The Impact of Mongol conquest in Middle East: Post Reply : Page 1 2 > Author: Message Topic Search Topic Options. endstream Another example of a causation of Mongol rule on China is the of tax-farming systems in order to improve revenue in the area. Negative Impact. The suspension of literary examinations, the exclusion of Chinese from higher offices, and the resulting frustration of the former ruling class of scholar-officials led to a sort of intellectual eremitism. Add to Buddy List. V 1 . In 1388 Toquz Temür, grandson of Togon-temür, was defeated by a Chinese expeditionary force in northeastern Mongolia near Lake Buir. Negative: invaded and killed many towns. Furthermore, many Chinese Buddhist monasteries were strongholds of Chinese traditional culture. About 240 years after the Mongols took control of Russia, the Russians overcame and expelled them. 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